These "novelties are introduced as part of an ongoing school and higher education reform and are in line with the mentality and the customs of our people," Education Ministry spokesman Abdulkhamid Nozimov said.
The new rules also ban teachers from wearing Western-style clothes such as jeans, miniskirts and T-shirts.
Tajik President Imomali Rakhmon had earlier banned mobile phones from schools and universities and said students should not arrive to school in their own cars.
About 80 per cent of Tajikistan’s seven million people are Sunni Muslims. Shia represent about 5 per cent.
Men in the mostly Muslim ex-Soviet republic often wear beards as an attribute of faith. however, long beards are often greeted with suspicion by the government, which sees them more as a symbol of Islamic extremism than ordinary religious piety.
The former Soviet Republic fought a bloody civil war against Islamist forces in the 1990s that left tens of thousands of people dead, a million displaced and an economy in ruins.